The principal function of prime coat in bituminous pavement is to protect the subgrade from moisture and weathering. Since the presence of moisture affects the strength of subgrade, the prevention of water entry during construction is essential to avoid the failure of the pavement. In cold countries, by getting rid of moisture from subgrade, the danger of frost heave can be minimized.
Prime coat is an asphalt which, when applied evenly to the surface of sub-base or subgrade, serves to seal the surface to hinder the penetration of moisture into subgrade. Vehicular traffic should be avoided on the surface sprayed with prime coat because the traction and tearing action of vehicles would damage this asphalt layer.
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